{"id":16488,"date":"2019-03-20T18:40:49","date_gmt":"2019-03-20T17:40:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/?page_id=16488"},"modified":"2020-04-09T12:20:02","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T10:20:02","slug":"mars-express","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/en\/planets-stars-universe\/solar-system-and-beyond\/mars-express\/","title":{"rendered":"MARS EXPRESS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>Subject line<\/strong>: Exploration of Mars<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>Responsibility<\/strong>: ESA mission<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>Date of launch:<\/strong> 2003<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>End of mission:<\/strong> Originally 2012 \u2013 currently ongoing<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Description<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Mars Express is a \u201cFlexible Mission\u201d of the ESA New Horizon scientific programme. It was launched on June 2<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>nd<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\">, 2003, with a Soyuz\/Fregat launcher and reached Mars about six months later. The insertion into the Martian orbit happened on December 25<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\">, 2003; subsequently, a further period of 5 months was planned for the commissioning activities before the operating phase, which ended as planned with the exception of the MARSIS instrument, due to problems related with the satellite safety during the opening manoeuvre of the antenna which were solved only starting from July 5<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>th<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\">, 2005, with the beginning of operations also for this instrument.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Scientific goals<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Due to its size, internal activity level, age of superficial structures and atmospheric density, Mars is a body which occupies an intermediate position between the big terrestrial planets (Venus and Earth) and the small bodies such as Mercury, the Moon and the asteroids. Therefore, the exploration of Mars is key to better understand Earth in the framework of compared planetology. The goals of the mission are the medium-scale mineralogical characterization of the surface, the study of the atmosphere and atmospheric circulation, the study of the interaction between the atmosphere and the solar wind and the measurement of the ablation rate, the high-resolution photographic mapping, also in stereo, of the surface and the study of sub-superficial structures to search for water and ice. <\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Italian contribution<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Among the instruments aboard the probe, the ASI provided two instruments with a national PI: the Fourier PFS spectrometer to study the atmosphere and the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) subsurface radar, manufactured with the contribution of the NASA\/JPL. Furthermore, the visible part (VNIR) of the OMEGA spectrometer (with a French PI) and the electronics of the ASPERA imaging instrument for energetic neutral atoms are part of the Italian contribution. One of the interdisciplinary scientists (IDS) is Italian too, and there are Italian scientists also within the HRSC (high-resolution stereo camera) team.<\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">International agreements<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A Memorandum of Agreement on Marsis is in force with the NASA. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Subject line: Exploration of Mars Responsibility: ESA mission Date of launch: 2003 End of mission: Originally 2012 \u2013 currently ongoing &nbsp; Description Mars Express is a \u201cFlexible Mission\u201d of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2584,"parent":16481,"menu_order":414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16488","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MARS EXPRESS - ASI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Subject line: Exploration of Mars Responsibility: ESA mission Date of launch: 2003 End of mission: Originally 2012 \u2013 currently ongoing &nbsp; 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