{"id":16420,"date":"2019-06-19T17:34:17","date_gmt":"2019-06-19T15:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/?page_id=16420"},"modified":"2023-07-10T11:24:36","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T09:24:36","slug":"ams-02","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/en\/planets-stars-universe\/alte-energie\/ams-02\/","title":{"rendered":"AMS-02"},"content":{"rendered":"

The\u00a0Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)<\/b>\u00a0is a particle detector operating as an International Space Station external module<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span><\/span>featuring<\/span><\/span>\u00a0over 3 metres size for an overall weight of 7.5 tons. It\u2019s an ambitious orbiting laboratory\u00a0<\/span>for the study of\u00a0particle physics in space<\/b><\/span><\/span>, whose purpose is\u00a0<\/span>to\u00a0<\/span><\/span>precisely\u00a0<\/span>measure<\/span><\/span>\u00a0the composition and abundance of\u00a0cosmic rays<\/b>\u00a0in space to detect\u00a0<\/span>signatures<\/span><\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0primordial antimatter and dark matter<\/b>\u00a0at extreme energies, up to some TeV (\u201cteraelettronvolts\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Most cosmic rays, about 99% of them, are made up of \u201cordinary\u201d matter, such as protons and helium nuclei. The AMS-02 instrument was designed to precisely measure the extremely rare component of antimatter in cosmic rays, such as positrons and anti-protons, and discover heavy antimatter<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>particles<\/span><\/span>, such as antihelium nuclei, never observed until today.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In 1998, a prototype of the experiment (AMS-01) flew aboard a Shuttle. The success of the flight showed for the first time the possibility to operate the complex AMS technology in the space environment.\u00a0<\/span>After<\/span><\/span>\u00a0years of further technological developments, the AMS-02\u00a0<\/span>instrument<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>was\u00a0<\/span>deployed<\/span><\/span>\u00a0into orbit with the second to last Shuttle mission, the STS-134, and docked with the ISS, where it has been continuously collecting cosmic rays since May 19<\/span>th<\/sup><\/span>, 2011.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Italian Space Agency and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) have been supporting this experiment since 1995, in the framework of an international cooperation including research institutes and universities in the United States, Europe and Asia. The Italian researchers are responsible for\u00a0<\/span>constructing<\/span><\/span>, maintaining and operating the main on-board instruments, and participate in the scientific analysis of data collected by the instrument. The AMS-02\u2019s\u00a0particle detectors<\/b>\u00a0were designed and\u00a0<\/span>assembled<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>with the contribution of the INFN researchers from Bologna,\u00a0<\/span>Milan<\/span>o<\/span><\/span>, Perugia, Pisa,\u00a0<\/span>Roma<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>La Sapienza and Trento,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>who are also continuing in the space operation of the instruments as of today<\/span><\/span>. ASI contributes to the instrument operation and data analysis activities, with the participation of researchers\u00a0<\/span>at the Science and Research Directorate<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>and Space Science Data Center (ASI-SSDC).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The AMS-02 instrument is continuously monitored\u00a0<\/span>from<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the primary Payload Operation Control Center (POCC) at the CERN<\/a> and\u00a0<\/span>from<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the secondary one in Taiwan. Data analysis is mainly carried out at the Science Operation Centers (SOC), with Italy providing one of the most important nodes thanks to the resources provided by the CNAF (in Bologna, by the INFN) and ASI-SSDC (in Rome, by the ASI) centres. The SSDC also provides the access portal to AMS public data through the Cosmic Ray DataBase (CRDB<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Over\u00a0<\/span>220<\/span><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span>billion cosmic rays<\/b><\/span>\u00a0were identified by AMS-02 in the first\u00a0<\/span>12<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>years of data\u00a0<\/span>taking<\/span><\/span>, and new data is being continuously collected, second after second, to\u00a0<\/span>investigate<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>key questions of modern physics. The scientific results obtained by AMS are disclosing\u00a0unexpected and innovative information<\/b>, showing the limits in the current understanding of the mechanisms behind the\u00a0origin, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays<\/b>. Based on these results, which are described in detail on the AMS web site, the international scientific community is developing new theories that can describe in an exhaustive and comprehensive\u00a0<\/span>framework<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the new results of the AMS<\/a> and thereby provide answers to several open questions\u00a0<\/span>on the\u00a0<\/span><\/span>mechanisms of our Universe.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The\u00a0Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)\u00a0is a particle detector operating as an International Space Station external module,\u00a0featuring\u00a0over 3 metres size for an overall weight of 7.5 tons. It\u2019s an ambitious orbiting laboratory\u00a0for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2707,"parent":16401,"menu_order":239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16420","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAMS-02 - ASI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The\u00a0Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)\u00a0is a particle detector operating as an International Space Station external module,\u00a0featuring\u00a0over 3 metres size for\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/en\/planets-stars-universe\/alte-energie\/ams-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AMS-02\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"%\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/en\/planets-stars-universe\/alte-energie\/ams-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ASI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/agenziaspazialeitaliana\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-10T09:24:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ams.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"340\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"238\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ASI_spazio\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/en\/planets-stars-universe\/alte-energie\/ams-02\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.asi.it\/en\/planets-stars-universe\/alte-energie\/ams-02\/\",\"name\":\"AMS-02 - 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